bantu expansion genocide

[22], Nilo-Saharan-speaking herder populations comprised a third group of the area's pre-Bantu expansion inhabitants.[23][24][25]. Cushites and more specifically Somali genocide is unfortunately coming. They inhabit a geographical area stretching east and southward from Central Africa across the African Great Lakes region down to Southern Africa. Perhaps, instead of asking how, the question why might be better suited to this format. The Bantu Expansion was probably the biggest example of genocide 4in human history. On Tuesday, August 14, 1947, Pakistan was proclaimed independent from Britain, and a day later, India followed suit. Furthermore, both the Khoisan and Pygmies still mostly have their own specific Y-DNA haplogroups. As we approach the top of the list, the Cambodian Genocide, the infamous Killing Fields of the 1790s, ranks very highly. The Khmer Rouge, a communist group headed by revolutionary, Pol Pot, allied itself with Sihanouk against the coup plotters, thus creating the conditions for the bloody civil war that followed. There is strength in numbers and our Bantu speaking ancestors always had large families consistent with our pro-natalist mindset. The debate has never been so much the classification of the event as genocide, although that is, of course, debatable. Partisans in France, Yugoslavia, the Eastern Front and the Philippines have much written about them. Again, you do realise hunter-gatherers (like the San and Pygmies and not the Khoi as they were/are pastoralists) tend to have smaller populations than agriculturalists. The Allies, as a tactic of war, exploited traditional tensions within Ottoman territories to weaken the Empire. Archaeological, linguistic, genetic, and environmental evidence all support the conclusion that the Bantu expansion was a significant human migration. Just for the sake of background, the former, the Bantu people, form the vast majority of the African population and are typically described as Negroid, or Congoid, their origins being in the region of the Congo and the Niger Delta. The so called Bantu expansion or migration is highly suspect. A boundary commission, sponsored by the British government, attempted to divide India along Hindu and Muslim lines. There was, of course, a great deal of mercantile resistance, but the British government held firm. But the Bantu farmers didn't swiftly drive hunter-gatherers to oblivion. Remaining in Africa, we now shift our attention to an episode of colonial genocide that deeply scarred the legacy of the German colonization of Africa. Linguists, classifying the languages and creating a genealogical table of relationships, believed they could reconstruct material culture elements. Rape and slavery was common practice among the Bantu colonists. The mother and child wandered in exile until taken in by a local paramount chief by the name of Dingiswayo. Millions were killed and displaced, and it hasn't gotten much easier for them since. Needless to say, the matter is most keenly felt in the Ukraine, and on 13 January 2010, a Ukrainian court found Joseph Stalin, among numerous other Soviet officials of the period, posthumously guilty of genocide. If he was, it might make it easier to explain. Other academic opinion tends to point to a typically dogmatic refusal on the part of the British government to acknowledge a failed policy. Armenian Deportees in 1915 Source inserbia.info. This is a man that claims to debunk history yet, all does is whine and bitch about black people in his videos. Just for the sake of background, the former, the Bantu people, form the vast majority of the African population and are typically described as Negroid, or Congoid, their origins being in the region of the Congo and the Niger Delta. When they reached the Zulu shield-wall, they were so tightly bunched they could scarcely fight. Between 1.5 and 3 million Cambodians died, or were killed by the regime. He says that Mali wasn't a civilisation in one video, yet in another video, he says that Mali was an empire. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Their spread was occasioned by a phenomenon known as the Bantu Migration, or Bantu Expansion, which began in the first millennium and concluded towards the end of the 18th century. Two major events in the recent paleoenvironmental history of Central Africa might have influenced the route of the Bantu expansion (10-18).The first was a contraction at 4,000 B.P. It was caused by the failure of the potato crop, thanks to a mold-related blight, which affected a rural population heavily dependent on potatoes as a staple food source. Muslim nationalists then began demanding a two-state solution, which neither the British nor nationalists like Mohandas Mahatma Gandhi particularly wanted. The debate has never been so much the classification of the event as genocide, although that is, of course, debatable. Bantu Expansion | Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History Replies claiming this is white supremacist to somehow study history are just ad hominem attacks mostly. The story begins with a popular African tale. New research pokes holes in idea of 'Bantu expansion' in West Africa However, this estimated expansion time could represent an underestimation and may simply show the expansion of a subset of the diversity within haplogroup R1b1* to west Central Africa through the Bantu expansion, having been shown to be especially frequent in northern Cameroon, near the putative Bantu expansion origin (Cruciani et al. Keywords: Bantu migration, Great Lakes Africa, Bantu . The indigenous population of the territory comprised dispersed agricultural and pastoral communities belonging to the two major indigenous population groups in southern Africa. [18] From Cameroon, agricultural Proto-Bantu peoples began to migrate, and amid migration, diverged into East Bantu peoples (e.g., Democratic Republic of Congo) and West Bantu peoples (e.g. affected amongst others the western part of the Congo . Ethnic Armenian Christians, mainly living in what would today be modern Turkey, became subject to genocide as the old ruling Caliphate of the Ottoman Empire came under the more modernizing influence of the Young Turks. The Bantu languages constitute by far Africa's largest language family. From anti-Semitic pogroms to attacks against the Cossack minority, and numerous deportations and mass imprisonments, the history of the Soviet Union is replete with genocide. That shows sexual migratory activity not genocide. In terms of sheer numbers, it is probably the Holodomor, also known as the Ukrainian Genocide of 1932-33, that racked up the greatest score. fall into the classification of genocide. The Cambodian Genocide was ideological, but it was also random and inexplicable, and in the end, its ideological basis dissolved in undiluted murder. [29] The western branch, not necessarily linguistically distinct, according to Christopher Ehret, followed the coast and the major rivers of the Congo system southward, reaching central Angola by around 500BC. As usual, the argument is one of semantics. Between 1904 and 1907, up to 100,000 Herero and 10,000 Nama were killed, many in concentration camps, dying of disease and starvation. Get your weekly fill of History Articles and Quizzes. Simon Webb's take on anything to do with African histories and cultures is mostly bunk. This empire was one of the most powerful in African History and left an indelible mark on modern-day South Africa. The causes of the 1932-33 famine can be attributed to nothing more complicated than state interference in production. Irish Famine Memorial, Dublin Source: diktuo.org. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. This particular event, however, became embroiled in other social, political and economic issues, which is where historians tend to point the finger of blame at the British and accuse them of genocide. A lot less easy to explain is the national derangement that gripped one half of Cambodia, causing it to react with such violence towards the other. Guerrilla warfare played a huge role in World War II. Ethnic Armenian Christians, mainly living in what would today be modern Turkey, became subject to genocide as the old ruling Caliphate of the Ottoman Empire came under the more modernizing influence of the Young Turks. If one was to point the finger at the former Soviet Union for acts of genocide, then one would be able to point in many different directions. Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. READ: The Spread of Farming in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Bantu Migration The regime was toppled in January 1979, and Pol Pot died in April 1998, on the eve of his being handed over to international justice. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. No its not and its a common talking point of settlers in south africa to "legitimize" their presence in south africa, im nkt a professional historian so youd best ask real historians at r/history or r/askhistorians. Total loading time: 0 The Khoisan and Pygmies live in Southern and Central Africa, respectively. Because he's literate And using reason to research DNA and other recorded information. What area? This ideological aversion soon extended to ethnic Vietnamese, Chinese, Thais, Christians, Muslims and Buddhists, and indeed anyone at all perceived in any way to be an enemy of the revolution. This was to ensure that all food produced in Ireland remained in Ireland, guaranteeing that everyone had enough to eat, even during the leanest times. In March 1970, the military in Cambodia ended the traditional rule of Prince Sihanouk. Was the Bantu Expansion genocide of the Pygmies, Khoisan, and - reddit The Khmer Rouge regime was characterized by extreme and indiscriminate brutality. As for (2), the chapter argues that the earliest Bantu speakers had their own archeologically visible culture, but they were not farmers. The Twa spend part of the year in the otherwise uninhabited region hunting game, trading for agricultural products with the farmers while they do so. Upon the death of his illegitimate father, the king of the minor Zulu clan, Shaka seized the ascension, killing all rivals, after which he began to build a society forged by war and bloodshed. Yeah, Bantu expanded around 1500 years or so and did a little genociding of the Khoisans and pygmies in the area. The result of this was an extraordinarily cohesive and violent nation, glorifying in bloodshed, and celebrating with utter fanaticism the personality cult of their leader. View your signed in personal account and access account management features. Africa's World War: The Congo War - History Guild The Hutu are almost similar to the Tutsi who are also an ethnic majority in Rwanda. The name associated with this phase of South East Asian history is Pol Pot, leader of the Khmer Rouge, a name that still resonates as the personification of evil. These deaths were distributed across all of the most populous regions of Russia, but the greatest impact was felt in Ukraine. However, Simon Webb/History Debunked is a bad faith actor, he cherry picks a lot of his info and he's clearly spreading false history. The discussion concludes that the Bantu phenomenon is best understood as a colonisation, migration, expansion, dispersal, or diffusion. Another stream settled in the central areas of modern Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, and Zambia, initiating a complete population replacement of the native African Pygmies who previously inhabited the area. In this way, a chain reaction of violence and predation began that lasted from about 1815 to 1840. 18091. Regarding (1), the chapter argues that the Bantu Expansion did involve the actual migration of Bantu speakers but that backward and forward migration occurred after the initial spread and that Bantu languages also expanded through adoption by autochthonous hunter-gatherers. At the same time, all and any aid was prevented from entering Ukraine, which virtually ensured famine, at least on some level. The last major act of defiance of a native race in southern Africa against European domination was the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. It is a relatively well-known story, or at least one that African history . Archaeologies of the Bantu Expansion | The Oxford Handbook of African Based on dental evidence, Irish (2016) concluded that the common ancestors of Central African and Proto-Bantu peoples may have originated in the western Southern region of the Sahara, amid the Kiffian period at Gobero, and may have migrated southward, from the Sahara into various parts of central Africa (e.g. [42][43], Manfred K. H. Eggert stated that "the current archaeological record in the Central African rainforest is extremely spotty and consequently far from convincing so as to be taken as a reflection of a steady influx of Bantu speakers into the forest, let alone movement on a larger scale."[44]. Your email address will not be published. The tell-tale sign is the lack of non-bantu Y-DNA left in the area and the MtDNA still surviving, which means they killed the men and "took" the women. 10010, with the primary authorities cited on p. 176. The Ottoman Empire allied with the Central Powers during WWI, and, of course, the German defeat in that war brought the Ottoman Empire down with it. I'd imagine it's the same way. What followed was an extreme Maoist, Marxist-Leninist movement in Cambodia, and an extreme, and inexplicable antipathy towards intellectuals and professionals. This inspired the Bantu to conquer more areas to capture more slaves and expand further . They expanded and took the land which is exactly what they will do to Somalia soon if Somalis don't put a stop to it. hasContentIssue true, Copyright Cambridge University Press 1966. By Ellen Rubin. Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. The Extinct "Ghost Modern" Race of Africa and the Bantu Expansion Genocide The military government solicited the aid of the United States, and a heavy-handed US response included a massive bombing during 1973, killing some 300,000 people. Almost immediately, as British officials handed over, Hindus in India began attacking and killing Muslims, and in Pakistan, vice versa. Any proof of their numbers? He was thus able to interweave his own warped ideology with the mood of a nation. The southward Bantu occupation of sub-Saharan Africa (south of the Sahara), started some 2,000 years ago, with the introduction of crop farming and iron age technology from Nubia which made expansion, weaponry, conquest and supremacy possible. Beginning around 1500BCE, members of the proto-Bantu language group migrated eastward and southward from West Africa, crossing vast swathes of the continent over hundreds of years. Their spread was occasioned by a phenomenon known as the Bantu Migration, or Bantu Expansion, which began in the first millennium and concluded towards the end of the 18th century. The early stages of migration were slow. The last major act of defiance of a native race in southern Africa against European domination was the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. It was caused by the failure of the potato crop, thanks to a mold-related blight, which affected a rural population heavily dependent on potatoes as a staple food source. But Pol Pot was not alone in perpetuating the horrors of his rule. Until the 1980s, International academic interest in the issue was limited by Soviet censorship, so at the time that it was occurring, very few people were aware of it. Nonetheless, in the unfathomable complexity of the Anglo-Irish relationship, there are no small number of historians who point the finger at the British government, not so much for acts of commission, but acts of omission. Zulu Warriors in full Battle Regalia Source: i.imgur.com. Press J to jump to the feed. There is this historian by the name of Simon Webb and this he said that the Bantu Expansion was a genocide of multiple people in South Africa. There are no reliable figures, but the combined death toll of the Mfecane is estimated to be upwards of 2 million. Render date: 2023-03-04T14:32:22.407Z Formed in 1075, Mapungubwe was a renowned trading city linking Africa, Asia, and Europe. He introduced concepts of warfare and weaponry revolutionary in his age, and upon the death of Dingiswayo, he assumed the paramountcy of what is today known as Zululand. Hitler harnessed this anger and dissatisfaction and directed it at the Jews. View the institutional accounts that are providing access. Was the Bantu expansion or migration a genocide? - Quora The Khmer Rouge, or the Red Khmer, was a movement born out of the struggle against French colonization. Published online by Cambridge University Press: Michael C. Campbell and Sarah A. Tishkoff, "The Evolution of Human Genetic and Phenotypic Variation in Africa,", "Genetic and Demographic Implications of the Bantu Expansion: Insights from Human Paternal Lineages", "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans", "On the edge of Bantu expansions: MtDNA, Y chromosome and lactase persistence genetic variation in southwestern Angola", "Y-chromosomal variation in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights into the history of NigerCongo groups", "Phylogeographic analysis of the Bantu language expansion supports a rainforest route", "Early migrations into East Africa | Enzi", "Inferring the Demographic History of African Farmers and Pygmy HunterGatherers Using a Multilocus Resequencing Data Set", "Cultural phylogeography of the Bantu Languages of sub-Saharan Africa", "Bringing together linguistic and genetic evidence to test the Bantu expansion", "Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals", "Bantu Language Trees Reflect the Spread of Farming across Sub-Saharan Africa: A Maximum-Parsimony Analysis", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bantu_expansion&oldid=1142078895, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2022, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2015, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 11:21. 1968. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700006472, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Its a MYTH. The first 500 years were spent moving a few hundred kilometers through the dense West Central African rainforest. https://investigativegenetics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2041-2223-1-6https://investigativegenetics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2041-2223-1-6/tables/3. As we approach the top of the list, the Cambodian Genocide, the infamous Killing Fields of the 1790s, ranks very highly. In this campaign, the mighty Zulu nation made one last, desperate effort to throw off the colonial yoke. The raw facts of the Irish Famine are quite simple. 6 Portres, Roland, Berceaux agricoles primaires sur le continent africain, Journal of African History, III (1962), 195210;CrossRefGoogle ScholarClark, J. Desmond, The spread of food production in sub-Saharan Africa,Google Scholaribid. . Nonetheless, in the unfathomable complexity of the Anglo-Irish relationship, there are no small number of historians who point the finger at the British government, not so much for acts of commission, but acts of omission. [36][37][38], Between the 11th and 16th centuries, powerful Bantu-speaking states on a scale larger than local chiefdoms began to emerge. Here, conditions of physical abuse, disease, exhaustion, and starvation began to claim the lives of hundreds of thousands of people. Was the Great Irish Famine genocide? Thus they will have a small pool of their specific Y-DNA just by the numbers. Did the Bantu mainly kill of the existing populations during - Quora Millions? Archaeological findings have shown that by 100 BC to 300 AD, Bantu speaking communities were present at the coastal areas of Misasa in Tanzania and Kwale in Kenya. The Germans found both of these races difficult to integrate into their colonial economy, simply because they were inimical to labor and were often nomadic in lifestyle. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. Typical grifter contradictions. The death toll attributed to the Holodomor runs to between 7 million and 10 million, which dwarves anything we have looked at so far. Even to date, records are patchy and inconsistent, and much of what is known is through anecdotal reporting and oral history. The Shum Laka people survived for at least 1,000 years in the heart of Bantu country. "[26] In some places, genetic evidence suggests that Bantu language expansion was largely a result of substantial population replacement. Irish Famine Memorial, Dublin Source: diktuo.org. It has sparked speculation, debate, and curiosity among scholars within the continent and beyond. The problem lay in a historical predominance of Muslims within the Indian political process. Their descendants have largely mixed with other peoples and adopted other languages. In addition to their stature, they also differ in blood type from their Bantu- and Sudanic-speaking agriculturalist neighbours, and they are probably the earliest . In 1884, it was agreed among European powers that all expansion into Africa would be by treaty with local, indigenous authority. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The rough chronology established on genealogical evidence has recently been confirmed by radiocarbon dates from Bigo, the earliest site identifiable in the dynastic tradition of the region. Population collapse in Congo rainforest from 400 CE urges - Science Bantu expansion - Wikipedia A few still live by foraging often supplemented by working for neighbouring farmers in the arid regions around the Kalahari desert, while a larger number of Nama continue their traditional subsistence by raising livestock in Namibia and adjacent South Africa. The Bantu Expansion the migration of Bantu-speaking people across the African continent is one of Ancient historys largest migrations. Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutions website and Oxford Academic. The result was a mass slaughter as Muslims trapped in India sought to flee to Pakistan, and Hindus and Sikhs caught in Pakistan tried to make it across the border into India. From what ik the bantu expansion is that it was a migration of people over a long period of time that did result in some cases as conflict but not wholesale coordinated genocide, in the most cases communties assimilated and mixed into each other and not some mass replacement and removal. The raw facts of the Irish Famine are quite simple. Starving Herero Tribesmen Source: Wikimedia. It must be remembered that the rise of Nazi Germany can be attributed to the terms of the peace imposed on imperial Germany in the aftermath of WWI. 10 of the Most Heinous and Heartbreaking Genocides in History